1. What is your research question?
To what extent, if any, is there a correlation between a respondent’s gender and the respondent’s labor force status?
2. What is the null hypothesis for your question?
The null hypothesis for this question would establish that there is no correlation between the respondent’s gender and the respondent’s labor force status.
3. What research design would align with this question?
Due to the fact that the test being conducted to answer this research question is an examination of categorical data analysis, it can be concluded that the research design in alignment with this question is quantitative.
4. What dependent variable was used and how is it measured?
Labor Force Status
5. What independent variable is used and how is it measured?
Respondent’s gender
6. If you found significance, what is the strength of the effect?
For the Phi and Cramer’s V test a value of 0 is indicative of no relationship and a value of 1 indicates a strong relationship. For this test, the value is .251, thus concluding that although there is a significant relationship between the two variables, the relationship between the two variables is weak.
7. Explain your results for a lay audience and further explain what the answer is to your research question.
The case-processing summary shows that there are 2,536 valid cases in this analysis, 2 are missing, and out of the 2,538 cases about 0.1% of the respondents did not answer this question. Based upon the results, 56.5% of men and 41.9% of women work full time and 9.2% of men and 12.0% of women work part time. In the Chi-square test, the critical value is 159.785, with an associated p-value of .000, which is significantly lower than the .05 threshold. Therefore the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between these two variables can be rejected. Chi-square test tells us if there is a relationship, but does not tell us the strength of the relationship, Phi and Cramer’s V test will help us to determine the strength of the relationship (Laureate Education, 2016a). For the Phi and Cramer’s V test a value of 0 is indicative of no relationship and a value of 1 indicates a strong relationship. For this test, the value is .251, thus concluding that although there is a significant relationship between the two variables; the relationship between the two variables is weak.
|
Case Processing Summary |
||||||
|
|
Cases |
|||||
|
Valid |
Missing |
Total |
||||
|
N |
Percent |
N |
Percent |
N |
Percent |
|
|
LABOR FORCE STATUS * RESPONDENTS SEX |
2536 |
99.9% |
2 |
0.1% |
2538 |
100.0% |
|
LABOR FORCE STATUS * RESPONDENTS SEX Crosstabulation |
||||
|
Count |
||||
|
|
RESPONDENTS SEX |
Total |
||
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
|||
|
LABOR FORCE STATUS |
WORKING FULLTIME |
644 |
586 |
1230 |
|
WORKING PARTTIME |
105 |
168 |
273 |
|
|
TEMP NOT WORKING |
13 |
27 |
40 |
|
|
UNEMPL, LAID OFF |
63 |
41 |
104 |
|
|
RETIRED |
212 |
248 |
460 |
|
|
SCHOOL |
37 |
53 |
90 |
|
|
KEEPING HOUSE |
32 |
231 |
263 |
|
|
OTHER |
33 |
43 |
76 |
|
|
Total |
1139 |
1397 |
2536 |
|
|
LABOR FORCE STATUS * RESPONDENTS SEX Crosstabulation |
|||||
|
|
RESPONDENTS SEX |
Total |
|||
|
MALE |
FEMALE |
||||
|
LABOR FORCE STATUS |
WORKING FULLTIME |
Count |
644 |
586 |
1230 |
|
% within RESPONDENTS SEX |
56.5% |
41.9% |
48.5% |
||
|
WORKING PARTTIME |
Count |
105 |
168 |
273 |
|
|
% within RESPONDENTS SEX |
9.2% |
12.0% |
10.8% |
||
|
TEMP NOT WORKING |
Count |
13 |
27 |
40 |
|
|
% within RESPONDENTS SEX |
1.1% |
1.9% |
1.6% |
||
|
UNEMPL, LAID OFF |
Count |
63 |
41 |
104 |
|
|
% within RESPONDENTS SEX |
5.5% |
2.9% |
4.1% |
||
|
RETIRED |
Count |
212 |
248 |
460 |
|
|
% within RESPONDENTS SEX |
18.6% |
17.8% |
18.1% |
||
|
SCHOOL |
Count |
37 |
53 |
90 |
|
|
% within RESPONDENTS SEX |
3.2% |
3.8% |
3.5% |
||
|
KEEPING HOUSE |
Count |
32 |
231 |
263 |
|
|
% within RESPONDENTS SEX |
2.8% |
16.5% |
10.4% |
||
|
OTHER |
Count |
33 |
43 |
76 |
|
|
% within RESPONDENTS SEX |
2.9% |
3.1% |
3.0% |
||
|
Total |
Count |
1139 |
1397 |
2536 |
|
|
% within RESPONDENTS SEX |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
||
|
Chi-Square Tests |
|||
|
|
Value |
df |
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) |
|
Pearson Chi-Square |
159.785a |
7 |
.000 |
|
Likelihood Ratio |
177.654 |
7 |
.000 |
|
Linear-by-Linear Association |
71.536 |
1 |
.000 |
|
N of Valid Cases |
2536 |
|
|
|
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 17.97. |
|||
|
Symmetric Measures |
|||
|
|
Value |
Approximate Significance |
|
|
Nominal by Nominal |
Phi |
.251 |
.000 |
|
Cramer's V |
.251 |
.000 |
|
|
N of Valid Cases |
2536 |
|
|
Reference
Laureate Education (Producer). (2016a). Bivariate categorical test [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
SPSS (2014) Data set 2014 general social survey (dataset file)