Introduction: Linux is open source operating system that will keep running on parts and heaps of diverse hardware, including most machines that Windows XP will still work. It cannot run any Windows programs without virtual machines. So Windows virus can’t influence it in the scarcest. Most distros of Linux have free firewall programming, and are effortlessly overhauled with free fixes for security. Furthermore, when another version of distributions will turn out, its upgrades will totally be free. We can likewise expect heaps of free software to supplant the larger part of what we may have been paying for on Windows. In any case, following a large portion of it is finished by specialists, open source gatherings, and small software organizations; a number of the most major projects like (Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop etc.) will not have local Linux forms. On the other hand, free versions of the programs such as Libre Office or GIMP, can satisfy their part well, if not flawlessly.
Notwithstanding this, numerous distros have taken awesome steps to be easier to understand than past ones, so we can expect a superior affair than could have even a couple short years back. While it’s not Windows, it is secure, free, and an extraordinary approach to peruse and appreciate the web practically inconvenience free. Multitasking comparison between Ubuntu and Windows XP is shown below: [1]
Linux Distribution: Linux based PCs machines have an improved client interface and require the same or less equipment strength than Windows XP. Furthermore, they are much less expensive, both for equipment and programming reasons. The Linux interface can be redone, and each organization offering a Linux based machine modifies the look and feel. Some go for straightforwardness trusting the machine can be utilized by youngsters and non-techies.
Ubuntu 15.04 is a complete OS and can be utilized generally as Canonical has proposed, however some exceptionally intriguing alternatives and elements are covered up inside the OS and mostly not available, unless we install more applications. Ubuntu is for the most part an exceptionally adjustable OS and various changes can be made, however huge numbers of these alternatives are not open as a matter of course and clients need to introduce no less than a few applications. Ubuntu gives a strong, all around kept up programming construct that functions admirably with respect to installed hardwares, and its Live bootable CD is a breeze to get up and start running. Consolidate that with Ubuntu's loaded Software Center—which highlights a single tick application introduces and it’s a self-evident, simple answer for moving XP evacuees. [2]
Hardware Specification: The system requirement for the installation of Ubuntu 15.4 is as following:
- Processor: 1 GHz processor or better.
- RAM: 1.5 GB RAM (system memory).
- Hard disk: 7 GB of free hard drive space for installation.
As this is the minimum requirement for installing Ubuntu 15.4, therefore the existing computer hardware can be used for Linux. [3]
Migration from Windows XP to Ubuntu: Up gradation to another OS is very good change. Up gradation will be less demanding than we might suspect – and in the event that we change to a Linux distribution. We'll delineate that it is so natural to move an old XP PC over to the most recent adaptation of the easy to use Ubuntu Linux OS – and propose which projects to use in Linux for the regular undertakings.
Accepting Ubuntu is suitable for us, the easiest approach to approach the upgrade is too situated up a dual boot system, leaving XP in place. We don't prescribe that we make a propensity for booting up our old Windows XP establishment, since this will open to security dangers. Be that as it may, we'll have the capacity to specifically get to every one of Windows organizers inside Ubuntu, so doing it along these lines implies we won't need to stress over losing any individual information in switching. The major problem with Ubuntu is if some assignment could not be possible in Ubuntu (or on another PC).
Since XP and Ubuntu will both need to crush onto the hard disk, we prescribe having a somewhat of an unmistakable out to make space for the Ubuntu. We can utilize the Windows Disk Cleanup apparatus to evacuate unneeded interim documents and uninstall any undesirable vast applications. This is likewise a decent time to dispose of any substantial individual documents we needn't bother with: utilize a device, for example, WinDirStat to recognize what's gobbling up the most space on our circle. Bear in mind that Recycle Bin should be empty when we’re done. On the off chance that we can't free up more than 10GB, consider wiping Windows installation to give Ubuntu space. This is anything but difficult to do amid the establishment process, yet in the event that we plan to take this course, go down our records to an outer circle first – and be extremely watchful not to miss any. [4]
Installation Options: The general technique to introduce Ubuntu (or Ubuntu flavor, Kubuntu, Lubuntu) from a USB flash drive is:
· Obtain the right Ubuntu establishment records ('the ISO').
· Put Ubuntu onto USB flash drive.
· Design our PC to boot initially from USB drive and start the system from it.
· Attempt Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu) before introducing it
· Install Ubuntu to the internal hard drive.
Ubuntu can be introduced from a USB flash drive. This may be important for netbooks and different PCs without CD drives and is helpful for others on the grounds that a USB flash drive is so advantageous. Likewise, we can design Ubuntu on the USB flash drive to spare changes we make that is dissimilar to a read-just CD-ROM. To boot the system from a USB flash drive made with usb-maker false name Startup Disk Creator and mkusb will carry on generally as though we had booted from the introduce CD. It will demonstrate the dialect choice and afterward the introduce menu, from which we can introduce Ubuntu onto the PC's hard drive or dispatch the LiveCD environment. Different utilities, e.g. Unetbootin, may make somewhat distinctive boot drives or if on UEFI may not work at all with Debian iso file because of a bug.
Requirements: 1. A 2 GB USB streak gadget/drive/stick. On the off chance that the iso document size is very small than 1 GB, it is required to utilize a 1 GB USB drive to all systems. Files on this USB drive would be eradicated, so reinforce the files which we need to keep before making the drive bootable. Verify this USB drive and mount it. A Ubuntu flavor ISO record
Installation Options: Uproot all USB drives which are no longer required, yet keep the network cable joined. Insert the bootable drive that simply made in objective PC and then restart it again. More current PCs can boot from a USB drive. On the off chance if PC doesn’t naturally do as such then we need to alter the BIOS settings.
Restart the PC, and look for a message letting us know which key should be pressed to enter the BIOS settings. Press the required function keys while PC is booting to alter BIOS settings.
As opposed to altering BIOS settings, pick a boot device from the boot menu in BIOS settings. Now, press the function key to enter the boot menu when PC is booting. The boot screen shows which key have to be pressed. It can be F12 or F10. Note: some exceptions are there. There are some motherboards where we need to choose 'hard plate/USB-HDD0' to pick the USB flash disk. It may work like this on the grounds that the system sees the USB drive 'a mass stockpiling gadget' as a hard disk drive, and it ought to be at the highest point of the boot request rundown. So we have to alter the Boot Order. Move this to the highest priority on the rundown to make the PC endeavor to boot from the USB gadget before booting from the hard disk. [5]
Steps By which users can Logon to the System:
· During the installation of Ubuntu OS, the installer will check the installation CD or USB, hardware, and will configure the network with DHCP if there is a DHCP server in the network.
· Then enter the hostname of the computer. eg, if our server name is server1.example.com, so we will enter server1.example.com as server name.
· Linux Ubuntu will not let us login as root user directly. Therefor we need to create a new user for the initial login of OS. Hence, we will create a user with the name Administrator and username administrator (don't ever use the username as admin because admin is reserve word in Ubuntu Linux). [6]
Configuring IP Address to the System: The setup of TCP/IP arrange on the Linux system is actualized utilizing a set of network configuration files. A significant number of these files can be overseen utilizing system instruments like NetworkManager which is on desktop. We can likewise utilize more specific projects, for example, netstat, ifconfig, Wireshark and course. Some setup records are anything but difficult to change ourselves by utilizing the tool. The ifconfig utility guides us to design the system interfaces which may include new ones and changing others. The ifconfig and course utilities are lower level projects that require more particular information of the system to utilize viably. The netstat utility guides us with data about the status of our system associations. Wireshark is a system convention analyzer that lets us to catch bundles as they are transmitted over the system, selecting those we need to check.
For provisional system arrangements, we can utilize standard commands like ip, ifconfig and route etc, which are additionally found on most other GNU/Linux Operating systems. These charges permit to design settings which produce results quickly; nonetheless they are not determined and will be lost after a reboot. To configure our server to utilize DHCP for dynamic address task, add the dhcp strategy to the inet address family explanation for the proper interface in the file /etc/network/interfaces. To configure the system to utilize a static IP address task, we can add static strategy to the inet address family explanation for the suitable interface in the file /etc/network/interfaces. The illustration underneath expect we are designing our first Ethernet interface distinguished as eth0. Change the location, netmask, and passage qualities to meet the prerequisites of our network. [7]
Accessing DNS: DNS (domain name system)' server handles the undertaking of gazing upward the real numerical IP address of the URLs that we are attempting to get to and along these lines it join. Annoyingly it is this which can frequently end up being the worst thing about our web presence. Case in point, our default DNS server is given by ISP and in the event that it turns out to be moderate then time it takes to "determine" the web location we're attempting to get to will effect on the general stacking time of the site. The progressions for getting to DNS are as taking after:
1. Right-tap on 'Network Icon' (situated at upper right board naturally) and tap on 'Edit Connections' to open Network Connections Manager
2. Pick the kind of connection we have. As I interface through Wi-Fi my screenshots allude to show "Remote" however the dialog for "Wired" connections have the same choices required for this in the same spots.
3. Under "Remote" or "Wired" highlight the association we utilize and tap on 'Edit'.
4. Inside the altering window that opens tap on the 'IPv4 Settings' tab
5. Under 'IPv4 Settings', change the "Strategy" to 'Programmed (DHCP) addresses just'
6 put any name server addresses as 'DNS Servers'
7. Click "OK" and reboot. [8]
Accessing Shared Files: We can let other individuals view and control our desktop from another PC with a desktop seeing application. Configure Desktop Sharing to permit others to get to our desktop and set the security inclinations. In the Dash, open Desktop Sharing. To give others a chance to view our desktop, select Allow different users to view the desktop. This implies that other individuals will have the capacity to endeavor to unite with our PC and perspective what's on our screen. To give others a chance to interact with our desktop, select Allow different users to control the desktop. This may permit the other individual to move our mouse, run applications, and scan records on our PC, contingent upon the security settings which we are at present utilizing.
We can join with a server or network offer to peruse and perspective records on that server, precisely as though they were all alone PC. This is a helpful approach to download or transfer documents on the web, or to share files to other individuals on the nearest system. In order to search the records over the system we can open the Files application from the Dash, and snap Browse Network in the sidebar. The file manager will discover any PCs on our neighborhood that promote their capacity to serve documents. In the event that we need to interface with a server on the web, or in the event that we don't see the PC that we're searching for, then we should physically join with a server by writing in its web/network address. [9]
Securely Sharing Files: 1. To begin, right-click on the folder we need to share and pick the "Neighborhood Network Share" option. In the event that we don't see this choice, look for and introduce nautilus-share in Ubuntu Software Center and restart Nautilus by running nautilus -q or simply log out and back in.
2. At the point when the 'File Sharing' dialog opens, tap the crate to empower 'Share this Folder' choice. Click the "Install service" catch in the event that it asks. Once the installation procedure completes, log out and back in.
3. Re-do step 1 to open the 'File Sharing' dialog for any folder. Relies on upon our need, empower compose consent and/or estimate access. Share folder
4. In the event that we need client machines to get to this offer with a username and password. Then disable Guest access and start the following steps:
· Hunt down and install system config-samba in Ubuntu Software Center.
· Begin Samba (graphical apparatus) from the Dash or menu.
· Explore to menu Preferences -> Samba Users
· Click 'Include User' in next window and afterward select our username, sort in a Windows username and password.
5. At last we can get to this organizer in a nearby system machine utilizing the username and password. [10]
Printing: Verify the printer is turned on. Connect the printer to our system by means of the proper link. We may see action on the screen as the system hunt down drivers, and we may be requested that confirm to introduce them. A message will show up when the system is done introducing the printer. Select Print Test Page to print a test page, or Options to roll out extra improvements in the printer setup. In the event that our printer was not situated up naturally, we can include it in the printer settings. Click the symbol at the most distant right of the menu bar and select System Settings. Open Printers. Snap Add and select the printer from the Devices window. Click forward and sit tight while it searches drivers. We can tweak the printer's name, portrayal, and area in the event that we like. At the point when completed, snap Apply. We can now print a test page or snap Cancel to skip the step. [11]
Data Encryption: It is unequivocally suggested that we encrypt our swap space. Clients introducing from Ubuntu 15.6 and selecting the Encrypted Home choice will consequently have encrypted swap space. Different clients can run sudo ecryptfs-setup-swap. This is critically essential, on the grounds that our home catalog information will show up as clear text in the memory, as the kernel peruses the encrypted information. On the off chance that the kernel swaps this information to circle, it could possibly release our decoded information back, absolutely that crush our Encrypted Home. Encoded Swap tackles this issue.
Hibernation won't work. Really, hibernation will work fine and dandy. In any case, we can't continue. There are courses around this, however it includes picking a watchword to use for our swap encryption, and entering that secret word each time we boot our framework, and offering that secret word to any other person that may need to resume the system. [12]
Conclusion: This isn't fundamentally a feedback of the stage overall. Ubuntu is as competent and available as it ever seemed to be, and pretty much as free. However, it’s hard not to feel a touch of disappointment at the obvious absence of advancement on show, particularly in light of the considerable number of aspiring talk that has been leaving Canonical in the previous years. Initially Ubuntu might be utilizing the fresh out of the box new touch-accommodating Unity 8 desktop at this point, running on Canonicals’ home-developed Mir server. Be that as it may, long postpones have deserted both overhauls years plan; the new front-end isn't presently anticipated that would be appropriately prepared for a steady desktop.
References
1. Introduction – Why Linux is good platform? [ONLINE] Available at - http://www.howtogeek.com/96541/the-painless-way-to-ditch-your-old-windows-xp-for-a-more-secure-linux/ [Accessed on – 1st July 2015]
2. Linux Distribution – Which Linux distribution is good for migration? [ONLINE] Available at - https://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/825906-hidden-options-in-ubuntu-1504-can-make-it-much-better [Accessed on – 1st July 2015]
3. Hardware Specification - Which distribution is good for enterprise? [ONLINE] Available at - https://wiki.ubuntu.com/VividVervet/ReleaseNotes/UbuntuGNOME [Accessed on – 1st July 2015]
4. Migration from Windows XP to Ubuntu - How to migrate from Windows XP to Ubuntu? [ONLINE] Available at - http://www.alphr.com/features/388261/how-to-upgrade-from-windows-xp-to-ubuntu-the-cheapest-way-to-upgrade-from-xp [Accessed on – 1st July 2015]
5. Installation Options - How to install Ubuntu into the system? [ONLINE] Available at - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick [Accessed on – 1st July 2015]
6. Steps By which users can Logon to the System – What are different steps by which user can logon to the Ubuntu System? [ONLINE] Available at -https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/ubuntu-15.04-vivid-vervet-server/ [Accessed on – 1st July 2015]
7. Configuring IP Address to the System - How to configure IP address to the system? [Book] Available at - Ubuntu 15.04 Server with systemd: Administration and Reference By Richard Petersen [Accessed on – 1st July 2015]
8. Accessing DNS – How to access DNS server? [ONLINE] Available at - http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/09/how-to-switch-to-opendns-in-ubuntu-for-faster-browsing [Accessed on – 1st July 2015]
9. Accessing Shared Files - How to access shared files? [ONLINE] Available at - https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/nautilus-connect.html [Accessed on – 1st July 2015]
10. Securely Sharing Files - How user can securely share files in Ubuntu? [ONLINE] Available at - http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2015/02/share-a-folder-in-ubuntu-14-04/ [Accessed on – 1st July 2015]
11. Printing – How printer can be installed in Ubuntu system? [ONLINE] Available at - https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/printing-setup.html [Accessed on – 1st July 2015]
12. Data Encryption- How data can be encrypted? [ONLINE] Available at - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedHome [Accessed on – 1st July 2015]